Exercise

　　The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive medicine”, and thus it injures, in turn , the entire medical profession.

　　Rugby is generally a much tougher game than football and for a long time has had upper class associations, as until recently it was generally only played in public schools, not in state schools.

　　Western manners do not require one to say anything that is untrue, but it is best to avoid being too frank about things which would make people feel uneasy—unless by doing so you feel some good might come of it.

　　要點(diǎn)分析和參考譯文

　　要點(diǎn)：本句是有分號(hào)及連詞and 引導(dǎo)的并列復(fù)合句。分句一種包含有關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾doctors.分句二中代詞it指“the suspicion of deceit”，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)contributes to意為“to help in causing a situation”，分句三中，代詞it指前文所述情況，介詞短語(yǔ)in turn意為“afterwards”
　　參考譯文：由于病人懷疑存在欺騙行為，使許多對(duì)病人十分誠(chéng)實(shí)的醫(yī)生的工作也因此受到影響，并使醫(yī)療訴訟案和“防御性診治”增多，而這些反過(guò)來(lái)又對(duì)整個(gè)醫(yī)療事業(yè)造成損害。

　　要點(diǎn)：全句為主從復(fù)合句，“as”引出原因狀語(yǔ)從句，修飾“ and for a long time （rugby） has had upper class associations”。主句部分Rugby is generally……class associations，是帶有并列謂語(yǔ)“is……”和“has had……”的句子。
　　參考譯文：橄欖球賽一般比足球賽更加激烈，并且長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)一直是高年級(jí)學(xué)生參與的比賽，也因此直到最近比賽一般仍然僅僅在公立學(xué)校而不在州立學(xué)校舉行。

　　要點(diǎn)：全句為并列復(fù)合句。連詞“but”連接兩個(gè)并列句。在第二個(gè)分句中“ it is best to avoid being too frank……” 中的“it”是形式主語(yǔ)，實(shí)際主語(yǔ)是不定式“ to avoid being too frank……”。動(dòng)詞“avoid”后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。“ which would make people feel uneasy”作“thing”的定語(yǔ)。在破折號(hào)后面“ unless by doing so you feel some good might come of it”作讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。“good”是名詞，作“feel”的賓語(yǔ)從句“some good might come of it”中的主語(yǔ)。“it”指“by doing so”所包含的前面提到的為避免重復(fù)而未具體說(shuō)出的內(nèi)容。
　　參考譯文：西方的行為方式并不要求人們?nèi)ブv假話，但是最好要避免過(guò)于直率地談?wù)撃切┦谷藢擂蔚氖虑?mdash;—除非你認(rèn)為這么做可能會(huì)有益處。