過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　1）概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去

　　--那時(shí)以前--那時(shí)--現(xiàn)在--

　　其構(gòu)成是had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。

　　2）用法

　　a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。

　　She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

　　b. 狀語(yǔ)從句

　　在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　　When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

　　c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"

　　We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

　　3)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

　　He said that he had learned some English before.

　　By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

　　Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

　　典型例題

　　The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

　　A. had written, left　B，were writing, has left　 C. had written, had left　D. were writing, had left

　　答案D. "把書(shū)忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書(shū)"這一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前，因此"忘了書(shū)"這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于……"這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　注意：had no … when  還沒(méi)等…… 就……

　　had no sooner… than  剛…… 就……

　　He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

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